Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms. To optimize the performance of these systems, several

PVDF membrane bioreactors have exhibited promising results in wastewater treatment applications. Comprehensive studies have investigated the performance of these systems in terms of various factors, including removal efficiency for organic matter. Findings indicate that PVDF membrane bioreactors